The Dirty Thirties Essay Example for Free

The Dirty Thirties Essay I have chosen the years of 1930 to 1940 as one of the most significant decades in Canadian history. I believe this because it might have been one of the hardest decades to live in. Reasons being that we had suffered greatly by the 1929 Wall Street stock market crash and the enormous 1928 wheat crop crash Canadians were barely making any money or just not having anywhere to work because the demand was very very low. Food was running out and the average working Canadian was making less than $1000 a year! The Federal Department of Labor had said that familys needed between $1200 and $1500 a year to maintain the minimum standard of decency. It was a very depressing time, most familys had retreated to farms where they could grow their own food and barely sustain a low quality of living. Being that an estimated 33% Canada’s gross income had been coming from exports the whole country was suffering. This caused many workers to be laid off and the ones that hadn’t been, their salarys were cut down to a fraction of what they had been getting before. Tens of thousands of people had been totally dependent on government relief, which was greatly affecting Canada’s infrastructure. The depression slowly came to end when the war had been announced. There was a great demand for men to become soilders and support the war effort. More and more young men had started lining up outside military recruitment facilities, most of them trying to make their first dollars! The depression had taken its toll, and forced lots of men to join the war effort due to the simple fact that this was the only way to make money at the time witch is pretty sad when you come to think about it. But this wasn’t the end of the depression, it had whent on after the 1940s. Ammunition, supplies, equipment, and weapons had grown in great demand. With less and less men being around due to leaving for the service many woman had replaced men in the work field. Later on getting names like â€Å"Rosie the Rivetor. †

Animal Farm: Importance of the Seven Commandments Essay -- George Orwe

Animal Farm: Seven Commandments Without law and order, it is nearly proven that civilization will fail. Because of this, Snowball saw it necessary to create a set of rules for the animals on the newly evolving farm, so came about the 7 Commandments. Unfortunately, but undoubtedly in the pigs’ advantage, most of the other animals did not know how to read or write. Because of this the other members of the farm had to bestow their trust and goodwill in the more educated of the animals. Little did they know that their innocence and their devotion to the farm as a whole would in the end lead to their demise. â€Å"The birds did not understand Snowball’s long words, but they accepted his explanation, and all the humbler animals set to work to learn the new maxim by heart. â€Å" As the story of Animal Farm progresses, the pigs take a leading role and find themselves hungry for power and suffering from a chronic case of ruthless greed. In due time, the once staple and communal 7 Commandments start to change to ‘accommodate’ the selfishness of the pigs, most prominently Napoleon. Shall we say Napoleon has a bit of a complex? Although all of the commandments originally acted as a bible, their importance is gone now and they have been modified to allow the pigs to be heartless in their ways. Three of these commandments jump out as to being the most important of the bunch. â€Å"Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.† This commandment is crucial in demonstrating the betrayal that the other farm animals experienced. This commandment it basically making the point that the animals are good and the humans are evil. In the end, the pigs did what they said they would never do, follow in the evil footsteps of the humans. As the changes on t... ...s and the story has come full circle. Unfortunately this is not uncommon in history. Once one person or group is given a small privilege, the power hunger is inevitable. Political corruption is defined as the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain. By completely altering and depleting the once almost sacred 7 Commandments, the pigs (Napoleon) have done a spotless job of creating and leading a politically corrupt society. The justice of all of the hardworking, devoted animals on the farm has been obstructed. In this case, the law and order of Animal Farm has been changed to the pig’s advantage and tragically, the other animals are oblivious to the fact until it’s too late. â€Å"The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again, but already it was impossible to saw which was which.†

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 6

The Concrete Doughnut I notice that my father waits until the game is just about to begin before he comes into the family room. It is only preseason, so we do not engage in any of the regular-season game-day rituals, but Dad has put on his number 5 McNabb jersey and now sits on the edge of the couch, ready to jump out of his seat. He nods at my brother solemnly but completely ignores me, even after I heard my mother say, â€Å"Please, just try to talk to Pat† when they were arguing in the kitchen. Mom puts the food on folding tables, takes a seat next to Jake, and we all start to eat. The food is excellent, but I am the only one to say so. Mom seems happy to get the compliment, saying, â€Å"Are you sure it's all right?† like she does, because she is modest when it comes to cooking, even though she is a great cook. â€Å"What do you think the Birds will do this year, Dad?† Jake asks. â€Å"Eight and eight,† my dad answers pessimistically, like he always does at the beginning of every NFL season. â€Å"Eleven and five,† my brother says, to which my father shakes his head and blows air through his teeth. â€Å"Eleven and five?† my brother asks me, and I nod because I am optimistic, and winning eleven games would most likely put the Eagles in the play-offs. Since we have season tickets, I know we are assured play-off tickets should the Birds earn a home game, and there's nothing better than an Eagles play-off game. Now, I admit that I have not been keeping up with the Birds in the off-season, but when the starting lineups are announced, I am really surprised that many of my favorite players are no longer on the team. Duce Staley. Hugh Douglas. James Thrash. Corey Simon. All gone. I want to ask, â€Å"When? Why?† but don't, fearing my father and brother will think I am not a true fan anymore, which they said would happen when I first moved to Baltimore with Nikki and gave up my season ticket. To my surprise, the Birds are also not playing in Veterans Stadium, but at Lincoln Financial Field, just like Jake had said. Somehow they have built an entire stadium since last season, and I must have missed all the hype because I was stuck in the bad place. Still, something does not really seem right to me. â€Å"Where is Lincoln Financial Field?† I try to ask nonchalantly when the commercials come on after the first series. My father turns his head and stares at me but does not answer my question. He hates me. He looks repulsed, like it is a chore to sit in the family room watching the game with his mentally messed-up son. â€Å"It's in South Philadelphia, just like all the other stadiums,† my brother says too quickly. â€Å"Good crabby snacks, Mom.† â€Å"Can you see Lincoln Financial Field from the Vet?† I ask. â€Å"The Vet's gone,† Jake says. â€Å"Gone?† I ask. â€Å"What do you mean, gone?† â€Å"March 21, 2004. Seven a.m. It fell like a house of cards,† my father says without looking at me, just before sucking an orange piece of meat from a chicken bone. â€Å"Over two years ago.† â€Å"What? I was at the Vet just last †¦Ã¢â‚¬  I pause because I start to feel a little dizzy and nauseous. â€Å"What year did you just say?† My father opens his mouth to speak, but my mother cuts him off, saying, â€Å"A lot has changed since you were away.† Still, I refuse to believe the Vet is gone, even after Jake retrieves his laptop from his car and shows me a downloaded video of the Vet being imploded. Veterans Stadium – which we used to call the concrete doughnut – falls like a circle of dominoes, gray dust fills the screen, and it breaks my heart to see that place crumble, even though I suspect that what I am viewing is a computergenerated trick. When I was a boy, my father took me to many Phillies games at the Vet, and of course there were all of the Eagles games with Jake, so it is hard to believe such a big monument to my childhood could be destroyed while I was in the bad place. The video ends, and I ask my mother if I can talk to her in the other room. â€Å"What's wrong?† she says when we reach the kitchen. â€Å"Dr. Patel said that my new medication might make me hallucinate.† â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"I think I just saw Veterans Stadium demolished on Jake's computer.† â€Å"Honey, you did. It was demolished over two years ago.† â€Å"What year is it?† She hesitates, and then says, â€Å"Two thousand and six.† That would make me thirty-four. Apart time would have been in progress for four years. Impossible, I think. â€Å"How do I know I am not hallucinating right now? How do I know you're not a hallucination? You're all hallucinations! All of you!† I realize I am screaming, but I can't help it. Mom shakes her head, tries to touch my cheek, but I swat her hand away and she starts crying again. â€Å"How long was I in the bad place? How long? Tell me!† â€Å"What's going on in there?† my father yells. â€Å"We're trying to watch the game!† â€Å"Shhhh!† my mother says through tears. â€Å"How long?† I yell. â€Å"Tell him, Jeanie! Go ahead! He's going to find out sooner or later!† my father yells from the family room. â€Å"Tell him!† I grab my mother's shoulders, shake her so her head wobbles all over, and yell, â€Å"How long?† â€Å"Almost four years,† Jake says. I look back over my shoulder, and my brother is in the kitchen doorway. â€Å"Now let go of Mom.† â€Å"Four years?† I laugh and let go of my mother's shoulders. She covers her mouth with her hands, and her eyes are full of pity and tears. â€Å"Why are you guys playing jokes on – â€Å" I hear my mother scream, I feel the back of my head hit the refrigerator, and then my mind goes blank.

The African American Subculture in Changes by Tupac Essay

The song Changes was recorded by Tupac Shakur, a deceased African American hip-hop artist. He rapped about the African American subculture in America. The record label released this song in 1998; it is still popular within subcultures of America. He grew up in the 1980s, and the social policies of that period, such as the War on Drugs, influenced his music. The videos of the song were found after a quick search on YouTube. The lyrics of this song are found on the internet from Google search of â€Å"Tupac, changes†. I have read the lyrics and listened to the music. Tupac focused on â€Å"that’s just the way it is† through the song (2Pac-Changes). He wanted the African American community to change their behaviors and rise above the social perception†¦show more content†¦This incident triggered massive riots in Los Angeles areas. Tupac was aware of the violence and saw no change from decades ago; racism was alive and thrived in the streets of America. Tupac’s America was a nation terrified of changes. He wrote, â€Å"It’s time to fight back, that’s what Huey said, 2 shots in the dark, now Huey’s dead† (2PAC LYRICS). He believed the government assassinated Huey Newton, the Black Panther leader, a militant group that employed violent means to protect black people from the police. In verse number three, Tupac compared the America’s war in Iraq to the violence in the high poverty neighborhoods (2PAC LYRICS). He then described government policies relating to â€Å"war on drugs, which resulted in mandatory arrest policies, harsh drug laws on crack cocaine, and the explosion of the African American population in penitentiaries. Tupac tried to convey to the listeners the society must change, but it will most likely change for the worst. Strain Theory states social pressure forces individuals that had their goals blocked to commit crime to survive. The theory explains Tupac’s lyrics of the conflicted belief, whether it is possible to achieve the changes he wished. In the song, Tupac encouraged African Americans to change their behaviors, and treat other African Americans as brothers. The necessity of filling a hungry stomach, forced him to commit robberies (2PAC LYRICS). Tupac’s song claimed when anyShow MoreRelatedTupac Shaku Is Hoping for People of All Color to Get Along in Song, The Changes1096 Words   |  5 PagesIn Changes by Tupac Shakur a black hip-hop artist, now deceased, he rapped about the African American subculture in America. The record label released this song in 1998; it is still popular within subcultures of America. He grew up in the 1980s. The policies of that period had influenced some of his music. I found videos of the song after a quick search on YouTube. The lyrics of this song are found on the internet from Google search of â€Å"Tupac, changes†. I have read the lyrics while listening to theRead MoreMusic and Society1040 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment and culture. The defiant images of Rap music and Hip-Hop serve as an inspirational outlet of social change through the ideology of the Frankfurt School s Marxist critical theory. The Frankfurt school was established in the early 19th century as school of Marxist interdisciplinary social theory. Following Marx, they were concerned by the conditions that allowed for social change. They were concerned with the shift from agrarian economy to industrializing labor in the 19th century. TheyRead MoreHip Hop Rap Music And Subculture1643 Words   |  7 Pages Hip-hop Rap Music and Subculture The topic I have chosen for this review is the association between a particular music genre and a subculture. In particular, the issue of focus is the association of the hip-hop rap genre with the black youth subculture in America. As a youth subculture, hip-hop emerged in the 1970s from New York City’s borough of the Bronx. The African American community was the root of the music genre, which gained popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. As part of its growthRead More mass commication and how it affects todays youth Essay2972 Words   |  12 Pages From Eminem’s hardcore explicit lyrics, to Lil Kim’s outrageous outfits to the late Tupac Shakur’s â€Å"thug life† image, the rap subculture has been under a lot of speculation. Many rappers lyrics contain violent messages that parents fear are encouraging youth to become violent. The media has a field day covering protests against rappers, such as Eminem about their explicit lyrics towards gays, women and their promotion of violence. The main concern is how rap is influencing today, particularly towardsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Politics And Hip Hop Music Essay1570 Words   |  7 PagesRap and Rebellion: The Relationship Between Politics and Hip-Hop Music The rap subculture is widely agreed to have been established in the Bronx, New York during the 1970’s. At a time when block parties became popular, especially among African-American youths, hip-hop music was a means of expressing opinions and values and as a new source of communication. At these gatherings, DJs would play percussive breaks from popular songs, often on two turntables to enable them to extend these breaks. ThisRead MoreThesis paper on rap music.4322 Words   |  18 PagesIts distinct sound, images, and attitude are notorious to people of all areas, races, and cultures. Rap artists like Grandmaster Flash, Run DMC, Public Enemy, Ice-T, N.W.A., Ice Cube, Salt n Pepa, Queen Latifah, Wu-Tang Clan, Snoop Doggy Dogg, Tupac Shakur, the Fugees, P-Funk, and many others produced a unique music genre of the urban underclass. Given the relatively low expenses in producing and distributing popular music, black artists and producers themselves have often controlled this modeRead MoreRap Music And The Music Industry2018 Words   |  9 Pages Rap music led to more black professionals in the music industry. Rap can be traced back to its African roots. Before rap stories were told rhythmically over drums and instruments. This era was known as the golden age of rap. Rap did and has changed the face of music for the better. Old school flows were relatively basic and used only few syllables per bar. Simple rhythmic patterns, and basic rhyming techniques and rhyme schemes. There are different variations of flow, such as the syncopatedRead MoreEssay on Black Artists in Country Music2841 Words   |  12 Pagesmusic! I got as much country soul as any of you white boys.† â€Å"This was not always a lily-white music,† said Peter Cooper, senior music writer for the Tennessean. â€Å"This music was not the property of white people, initially†¦ There are plenty of African Americans who have sung country music. There’s never any doubt that the music is borderless. But the business has not been† (The Root). While it might be easy to assume that segregation played a large part in the â€Å"appropriation: of country music by whites

The Largest Coral Reefs in the World

Climate Change And Global Warming - 915 Words

When it comes to the phenomenon of global warming, we are not talking about the temperature of the hot summer this year than last year, but we are talking about climate change, the major changes affecting the environment, atmosphere and climate in general. Climate change is affecting ecosystems on earth and directly impacts the daily lives of people. The warming of the global climate can cause serious consequences. The ecosystem is destroyed. Climate change and carbon dioxide are increasing challenges of our ecosystem. The consequences of such shortages of fresh water, polluted air, energy and fuel scarcity, and health issues related not only affects our lives but also the problem of birth. Climate change causes the loss of biodiversity. Earth s temperature is currently making the species disappeared or are in danger of extinction. About 50% of animal and plant species would face the risk of extinction if temperatures in 2050 increased from 1.1 Earth to 6.4  ° C again. This loss is due to loss of habitat for fallow land, deforestation and warmer sea water. The biologists found that there were some animals migrated to the poles to habitat suitable temperature. For example, the red fox, previously they often live in North America, it has moved up to the Arctic. Man is not outside influence. Condition wild land and rising sea levels threaten our habitat. And while plants and animals lost synonymous with food, fuel and our income are gone. The climate change also causes the warShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potentia l of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concernsRead MoreClimate Change Of Global Warming924 Words   |  4 Pages Figure 0.1 shows the different effects of global warming. Global warming is the warming of our planet at an extreme rate. The Earth’s climate has warmed by 7.8OC since 1880. (Quick facts about science, 2015). What causes global warming? The cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide. This acts like a blanket. Protecting the earth, and heating the earth. Sun rays would normally bounce around the earth, but with the blanket, the sun rays heat the blanket which heats the earth. (Petersen ScienceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1398 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming and climate change have been frequent topics of discussion over the past several years. Although people tend to focus on the politics, it is important to look past the media aspects of it into the cold hard facts of what our Earth is currently experiencing, and what has caused it in the first place. The cause of climate change includes natural causes, but human causes are what is generating such a rapid global temperature change. It’s time that the ways in which humanity affectsRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1060 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change (Klaus) 1000 The terms â€Å"global warming†, â€Å"climate change† or â€Å"greenhouse effect† have become more than just parts of the popular lexicon as they rather are subject of public discussions, scientific research or political debates. Despite the popularity and the ubiquity of these terms, the public’s theoretical and conceptual understanding of them and their causal relations is often based on superficial knowledge and buzzwords or caricatures outlined and depicted in several popular mediaRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. This means that, no matter what policies, processes or actions are implemented, the Earth as we know it will never be the same again. There is significant evidence to support this hypothesis. The dilemma becomes whether we can limit the damage and adapt to a new status quo or not. Rising sea levels and the damage caused by this phenomenon has irreversible impacts on coastlines worldwide. Damage to sensitive reef systems cannot be fixed. This alsoRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1022 Words   |  5 PagesWhat = Climate Change Who = Emma, Aoife, Julia, Rachael, Mariah and Cà ©line What is it? Climate Change is a change in the demographic distribution of weather patterns, and related change in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, happening over time scales of decades or longer. It’s the world’s greatest threat. Climate change is the change in temperature over a period of time. It involves the greenhouse effect and global warming. Where is it? It is an issue affecting everyone everywhere. ClimateRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1474 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon, known as â€Å"smog† became an often daily occurrence in big, urbanized cites across the globe. Also, Al Gore’s book, An Inconvenient Truth, popularized the issue of climate change and global warming as a result of the damage that the modern world has done to the atmosphere. He noted that people resist the facts about climate change due to the inconvenience of changing their lifestyles. But, uninhibited industrialization of several countries has led to intense modernization and revolution of theRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming928 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will discuss climate change and global warming on the economy. The paper also gives a description on climate change and global warming. As well as what it hold for future business owners. It will also discuss what the government is doing about climate change/global warming. Climate change is a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). For example, it could show up as a change in climate normal (expected average values for temperature and precipitation)Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere and

Corporate Governance Online Business Sustainability

Question: Describe about the Corporate Governance for Online Business Sustainability. Answer: Introduction Corporate governance is signifying the effective process of controlling and conducting the business. While conducting the business, each of the organisations requires maintaining several codes and practices, which are necessary to be understood by the corporate personnel. The efficient board of members need to maintain the set of responsibilities that will be effective enough in guiding the organisation towards success. The better guidance provided by the efficient board members will even ensure the accomplishments of the pre-determined goals. The study will thus be discussing the corporate governance procedure of Leighton Holding, which is one of the leading construction businesses (Baker, 2013). The study will analyse the contribution of the board members in resolving the issues related to the corporate governance procedure. The structured methodology will also be applied to complete the study. Methodology The study is based on the corporate governance procedure in Leighton Holding. The study requires identifying the potential issues during the year of 2013. In order to recognise such issues, it is required to conduct both the primary and the secondary researches. The secondary research will be based on the information derived from the secondary sources. For example, the annual report of the company and the list of board members during that period. On the other hand, the primary research will be considering qualitative analysis of the obtained data. In such cases, the company needed to communicate with one or two of the board members to confirm the issues. It is also required to understand the major initiatives that the board members had to undertake to resolve such issues. Hence, the association of the primary and the secondary researchers will be appropriate to conduct this study. Depending on such methodological structure, the entire study will be conducted accordingly. Background of Leighton Holdings, Australia Stanley Leighton founded Leighton holdings in the year of 1949 and the company has captured the leading positing as the superior contractors. In the year of 1962, the company was enlisted the name under the list of Australian Security Exchange. The company deals with the mineral process, mining equipment, construction process, infrastructure, and engineering services (Investor-And-Media-Centre, 2016). Headquarter of Leighton Holdings is situated at Sydney. However, it is to be notified that the company has the branches in different countries like Middle East, Asia Pacific, Sub Saharan Africa, North and South America. It is also noted that almost 43,000 employees are associated with the company all across the globe. In the year of 2015, the company had to face many allegations against corruptive acts, due to which Leighton Holden transformed the name into CIMIC Group. Structure of the Organisation It is notified that the company has established the partnership business with several entities like Thiess, CPB Contractor, Pacific Partnerships, and Leighton Asia. Having combined with these corporations, Leighton Holden started to provide many facilities like leaderships, finances and structured corporate governance. It is important to mention that the major motto of this organisation is to establish the sustainable approaches for the investment returns to the potential shareholders (Corporate Governance, 2016). In order to meet such objectives, the company has focused on implementing development, accountability, distribution, and morality in a specific way. Determining the motto of carrying out the global projects with the internationalised companies, M. Fernandez, the CEO of the company initiated the functionalities of associating the previous larger enterprises. Most of the operational process of Leighton Holding is associated with the construction business, as CPB contractors are the major business of CIMIC Group. It has already mentioned that due to several allegations regarding the corruptive activities, the organisation had to change the name. The merged companies have ensured almost 100% stake in John Holland, which is another most renowned construction company in Australia. Apart from these companies, Leighton Holden associated with Thiess group, which eventually made the company to capture the leading brand position in the construction business. Headquarter of this larger entity then shifted to Hong Kong, which was the major hub of this business. Another partner company named Sedgman deals with the world class designs, operational activities, mineral process, and construction business (Giov, 2015). It is reported that the merged companies started conducting the business by working on almost 170 projects altogether. After associating w ith Ventia, another construction company, Leighton Holding started providing the construction services across the globe. Issues faced in 2013 and Board of Directors Issue 1: In the year of 2013, Leighton Holding faced the challenging allegations against the corruptive acts performed by the company. It was stated that the international construction business is associated with the discrepancies with the internal company files (Kopnina Blewitt, 2014). In fact, it was proclaimed that Daivid Stewart, the CEO of Wall King was also associated with such corruptions. When the consequences revealed, it caused the real embarrassment for Australia and questioned the corporate governing bodies. Whereas on one hand, Australian businesses have been establishing partnerships with other countries, it is even connected to several corporate misconducts on the other side. The investigation process was imposed on hundreds of companies. The confidential documents were nurtured and revealed many of the cases. It was the worst scenario of a management discrepancy. It has been seen that most of the Australian firms fell under such allegations due to such situations. Le ighton Holding has captured the largest position among the construction companies in Australia ensuring the market value of near about $7 million (Home - CIMIC Group, 2016). However, such allegations and the issues created the negative impacts on the organisational sustainability. However, the skilled efforts of the board members were really appreciable to mitigate such risks. Issue 2: Another most prominent issue was found due to the inaccurate media releases in the year of 2013. The company tried to engage the stakeholders and the internal employees for better management functionalities (Wiggins, 2015). The management wanted to involve the employees for the better performance attributes that can ensure the quality work. However, the irrelevant media releases against Leighton Holdings somewhat affected the organisational reputation. However, David Stewart, the CEO managed the situation in a significant way. Associated Board of Directors David Stewart was the Chief Executive Officer during the period when the crisis emerged. Apart from him, Adele Ferguson, Tony Abbot, and Malcolm Maiden were also associated with the board in 2013 (Directors-resumes.2016). The chairman, Bob Humphris also reacted during this situational occurrence. Role of the Board Members In order to maintain the business sustainability for the future run, the company believes in undertaking the efficient corporate governance procedure. Along with such initiatives, the company is even focusing on compliance and risk management practices, which are helpful enough in dealing with situational crisis (Our Leaders, 2016). In order to maintain the good governing practices, the regulatory bodies are aligned to prepare the auditing and financial report. The set of rules under the corporate codes are maintained to support the organisational functionalities. If any of the directors is absent during the time when the decision is needed to be undertaken, R L Seidler plays the role of the alternate director. On the other hand, it is seen that L S Griffiths is appointed as company secretary who deals with the administrative purposes. Apart from them, the skilled leadership team is also contributing much to the organisational success. The members are A Muriel, J Grogan, M Fernandez, L S Griffiths, A Valderas, and L Interligi. It is important to mention that the effective corporate governance procedure is determining the process of reviewing the imposed policies that depends on the legal structure and discloses the revenues. It is one of the major sources of stating the income statement in the annual report. The company maintains the proper ASX standards to prepare the annual report (Good Governance Guide, 2014). The maintenance of the positivity while dealing with the government is one of the significant traits of the company. CIMIC group has focused on building the efficient relationships with the stakeholders, as they are the major priorities. Conclusion The study discussed the corporate governance issues occurred during 2013 when Leighton Holding faced the allegations against the corruptive activities. Maintaining the effective level of the corporate governance procedure requires the concentration on the legal structure that is set to meet the organisational objectives. Therefore, it has been seen that the management and the board members together facilitate the entire organisational functionalities in a significant way. However, the association of the guidelines presented by CEO and the time management determines the organisational success more specifically. CIMIC group has focused on building the efficient relationships with the stakeholders, as they are the major priorities. Maintaining the effective level of the corporate governance procedure requires the concentration on the legal structure that is set to meet the organisational objectives. Therefore, it has been seen that the management and the board members together facilitat e the entire organisational functionalities in a significant way. However, the association of the guidelines presented by CEO and the time management determines the organisational success more specifically. References Baker, N. (2013). Leighton Holdings directors blamed over graft. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 September 2016, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/leighton-holdings-directors-blamed-over-graft-20131003-2uxjq.html Corporate Governance, 2016. Online. Retrieved from https://www.cimic.com.au/our-approach/corporate-governance Accessed on 17 September 2016 Directors-resumes.2016. Online. Retrieved from https://www.cimic.com.au/our-approach/directors-resumes Accessed on 17 September 2016 Giov, F.2015. Auditing Essentials. Research Education Assoc., 2015 Good Governance Guide, 2014. Online. Retrieved from: https://www.governanceinstitute.com.au/media/651535/ggg_issues_consider-audit_risk_committees.pdf Accessed on 17 September 2016 Home - CIMIC Group. (2016). Cimic.com.au. Retrieved 27 September 2016, from https://www.cimic.com.au/ Investor-And-Media-Centre, 2016. Online. Retrieved from: https://www.cimic.com.au/investor-and-media-centreAccessed on 17 September 2016 Kopnina, H. Blewitt, J.2014. Sustainable Business: Key Issues: Issues in Environment and Sustainability. Routledge Our Leaders, 2016. Online. Retrieved from: https://www.cimic.com.au/our-approach/people-and-careers/our-leaders Accessed on 17 September 2016 Wiggins, J. (2015). Leighton to change name to CIMIC in wake of corruption allegations. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 September 2016, from https://www.smh.com.au/business/leighton-to-change-name-to-cimic-in-wake-of-corruption-allegations-20150320-1m40j3.html